This lesson is exercises only. Before each one there is a short reminder of what it builds on.
The letters
The alphabet has 32 letters: 24 Greek, 7 ancient Egyptian (Demotic) and the number 6 (lessons 1.1–1.4).
ActivityEasy
Letter names
Match each letter with its name.
Choose an answer for every row first.
Epsilon and the jinkim
ⲩ is “v” after ⲁ or ⲉ, “oo” after ⲟ and otherwise “i”. A jinkim over a consonant puts a short “e” before it; over a vowel, the vowel is said on its own (lessons 1.1–1.2).
ActivityMedium
Epsilon and the jinkim
How is it said?
ⲥ̀ⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ (ⲩ)
ⲛⲟⲩϯ (ⲩ)
ϩⲩⲙⲛⲟⲥ (ⲩ)
ⲙ̀
ⲁ̀ⲓ
The pronunciation rules
Vita: “v” before a vowel, otherwise “b”. Janja: “j” before ⲉ ⲓ ⲏ, otherwise “g”. Theta: “t” after ϣ ⲥ ⲧ, otherwise “th”. Cima: “z” before ⲙ in Greek words. Gamma: “n” before ⲅ ⲕ ⲭ ⲝ (lessons 1.2–1.4).
ActivityMedium
The pronunciation rules
How is the letter in brackets said?
ⲃⲁⲕⲓ (ⲃ)
ⲟⲩⲏⲃ (ⲃ)
ϫⲓϫ (ϫ, ϫ)
The first ϫ comes before ⲓ: "j". The last one has no ⲉ ⲓ ⲏ after it: "g".
ϫⲟⲙ (ϫ)
ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ (ⲑ)
ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ (ⲥ)
ⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ (ⲅⲅ)
Coptic or Greek?
The seven Egyptian letters show a word is Coptic, the five Greek ones that it is Greek; ⲩ said “i” shows it is Greek. Exception: ϩ can stand for the Greek “h” (lesson 1.3).
ActivityMedium
Coptic or Greek?
Is each word Coptic or Greek in origin?
ϩⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ
An exception: ϩ stands for the Greek "h".
ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲟⲗⲟⲥ
ϭⲁⲗⲟϫ
ϩⲩⲙⲛⲟⲥ
ϩⲏⲧ
Syllables
Every syllable has a vowel. A lone consonant between vowels moves forward, two consonants are split in the middle, and a jinkim makes its own syllable (lesson 1.5).
ActivityMedium
Syllables
Choose the right split into syllables.
ⲥⲓⲙⲥⲓⲙ
ϯⲛⲟⲩ
ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ
ⲡⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩ